If you’re lost in a blizzard, that’s very different from a starry night. Naturally, when you get turned around in the day, you only need to wait until it’s past noon. The sun is in the east in the morning and the west after noon. Although it tends to move a bit north or south from our perspective during the year, that’s an easy way to know where you’re headed. Can you do the same thing at night? Even without the moon, there’s a simple way to find the direction you’re facing. I’ll teach you how to navigate using the pole star.

How can the pole star help in finding direction? The Pole Star helps find direction because it is always due north from where you are standing. Although it seems never to move, this is a visual trick based on where that star is in the universe compared to our planet. However, this trick only works in the northern hemisphere. At or below the equator, the North Star is out of sight due to the curvature of the Earth.  

 

What is the Pole Star

Finding direction using the Pole Star isn’t tricky. So long as you have a clear view and you’re north of the equator, you can figure out which way is north at night. Why is that, and what is the pole star?

Often called the North Star, for obvious reasons, Polaris always appears to be fixed in place relative to Earth. Although the whole universe is in constant motion, this effect is a handy visual trick.

From where we sit, our planet and Polaris aren’t visibly moving relative to one another. All the stars in the sky seem to rotate around this fixed point of light.

However, that’s all a matter of perception. Over time even that fixed point of light has moved. Polaris wasn’t always our North Star.

Had you been born in Ancient Egypt, your guiding star would have been Thuban. This star in the constellation Draco used to be the one that appeared fixed in the sky.

How to Find Polaris

Having the Pole Star to help you find direction is only useful if you can find it. So, how do you locate Polaris in the sky? Clearly, you wouldn’t need a star if you already knew where north was located.

First, you need to know what the Big Dipper looks like. If you’re from the UK, you might call this constellation ‘the plow.’ Luckily this dipper is one of the most well-known and easily recognized star patterns in the northern hemisphere.

Use the two stars at the front edge of the Big Dipper to form a line and follow that line. The stars, known as Dubhe and Merak, will point you right at the North Star. If you’re still not sure you have the right one, it’s easy enough to double-check.

The Little Dipper is almost as famous as its larger counterpart. Polaris is the end of the Little Dipper’s tail. Specifically, it’s the third star in the tail or handle of the dipper.

South Pole Star

People who live in the southern hemisphere have a south Pole Star as well. However, it’s a little bit different. Sigma Octantis is visible to the naked eye, but only just. On a very clear night, you can barely see the southern Pole Star if you know where to look.

Resultantly, you couldn’t merely use Sigma Octantis to navigate in the south. Perhaps with a set of binoculars, or another way to magnify the stars it could work. However, Polaris is much brighter.

Regardless of which star you’re looking for, a great, high-quality set of binoculars is vital to your survival gear. The Usogood 12X50 HD Binoculars from Amazon will get you through the wild, and help you spot more than Pole Stars. Plus, it has a tripod for stable images even when filming with a smartphone. To learn more about Usogood, click here.

Although many people assume it’s the brightest star in the northern sky, our Pole Star is actually closer to the fiftieth brightest. Still, that’s more than enough starlight to navigate by in most places.

Seeing the North Star in the Southern Hemisphere

Because the Pole stars aren’t quite precisely at due north and due south, there’s a way to see them from the other hemisphere. Sadly, it is impossible to see Sigma Octantis from north of the equator because it’s so distant and dim. If you had the right latitude and ideal weather, you might catch a glimpse of it through a telescope just north of the equator.

Similarly, if the conditions were perfect at the equator or just below it, you’d see Polaris on the horizon. According to Astronomy.com, “.Polaris would barely show up from 1.23° south latitude.” However, you would need a level horizon and clear skies. Plus, those calculations are from 2018, which means they are slightly off by today’s math.

 

Using the Pole Star to Help Find Direction

Once you’ve found the pole star, you need to use it to find directions. North is evident because you’re looking at it. Resultantly, the south is directly behind you when you face Polaris.

From where you stand, you can stretch out your arms to figure out east and west. Your right hand will point to the east, and your left will be headed west. However, it’s worth noting that the further north you head, the higher Polaris appears in the sky.

If you were standing on the north pole, it would be directly overhead since almost no one travels so far north that’s a non-issue. Though people often mistakenly believe that ‘the north pole’ is on land, perhaps in Canada or Siberia, it’s not. The northernmost extreme on Earth is just a spot on some ice in the ocean with no ground below.

Although we rarely think of it, having Polaris directly overhead at the north pole makes perfect sense. Standing at the exact geographic north pole means there’s no way to travel north. Any direction you turned from there would be south.

Find Direction Naturally Without Pole Stars

The Pole Star isn’t the only way to navigate using nature. Some methods you probably use already and don’t even think about. For example, most of us use landmarks to get our bearings. A mountain or exceptionally tall building doesn’t move, so when we’re traveling locally, they make great compass points.

Southern Cross

If you live or travel south of the equator, you’ll need a better system for finding directions. Luckily the stars provide. Even though you may not see the Southern Star, the Southern Cross constellation is easily visible.

Follow the path from the top of the cross through the bottom. Then continue toward the ground. Where that line touches the horizon is south, or close enough to give you a sense of where you’re headed. Using the pointer stars will provide you with a more accurate heading, but you’ll be headed south either way.

Needle & Leaf

There are two straightforward ways to magnetize a needle to get directions. Either way, you’ll need a needle, a dry leaf, and some water. Enough liquid to make the leaf float with the needle on top of it is fine, and you don’t want running water. Instead, choose a puddle or still pond.

If you carry a magnet, and you should, then the process is faster. All you need to do is touch the south pole of your magnet to the tip and then flip your magnet. Touch the north pole to the eye, and you have a magnetized needle.

Alternately, you can use a natural fiber like wool or silk to magnetize. The process takes a few minutes, but you can rub the needle across the surface of the fabric. It will take nearly a hundred rubs to make the needle magnetize.

Once you have the needle prepared, you set it on the leaf. Next, allow the leaf to free float in the water. Other liquids work as well, but you’re not extremely likely to find a puddle of milk or lemonade in nature. The needle will orient on its own and point the way.

I strongly suggest that you carry a high-quality compass with you instead. One of my favorites is the Suunto M-9 I got from Amazon. I love the convenient wrist strap that makes it easy to wear and difficult to lose. Check the reviews on the M-9 right here. 

Sun

The easiest way to find direction in the daytime is with the sun. So long as it’s not too cloudy, you can orient quickly. Our sun will always rise in the east and set in the west. That makes it simple to determine where north and south are located.

The solar orbit can cause sunset to be more northwest or southwest. Similarly, sunrise can be more northern or southern. Still, between the two, you’ll be able to orient north or south.

Moss

You may have heard that moss always grows on the north side of trees. Is it true? What do you think? Intriguingly, it typically does grow on the north side of trees. However, not always, so check several trees if you ever get lost.

Better yet, carry a compass, like the Eyeskey Multifunctional Military Lensatic Tactical Compass from Amazon. If you’re rough on your gear, this durable, shock and waterproof compass will suit you well. Moreover, it comes with an easy carry pouch that will fit on your belt. Grab an Eyesky right here.

More importantly, moss mostly grows on the north side of trees in the northern hemisphere. Alternately, once you head south of that invisible line, moss tends to grow on the south side of the tree. The reason is more sensible than you think.

The sun hits the Earth and causes shadows. At the equator, the sun is directly overhead. However, as you head north or south, the shadows lean away from the sun. In the north, they tend to fall on the northern side of trees, and in the south, they fall southerly. Moss prefers to grow in cool shady areas, so it tends to stick to the shady side of trees.

Final Thoughts

Finding your way using the Pole Star at night is easy. Although it’s always better to be prepared, it helps to know how to orient in a pinch. Cloudy weather will block your view.

You should always carry a compass in your EDC and a spare in your emergency supplies. However, getting familiar with different natural methods for getting to your destination is an important skill too.

Always bring the right tools and skills when you leave the house. There’s no reason to get lost as long as you can see the sky.

 

You want to make sure your BOV (Bug-Out Vehicle) still runs in an emergency, but it’s diesel. Can you store some extra in gas cans like you would for a regular vehicle? What’s the expiration date, and is there anything special you need to know about it? Making sure you’re prepared is vital, but all those details can get confusing and frustrating. Luckily, you can relax because I have answers. Storing diesel fuel doesn’t have to be complicated. I’ll explain everything you need to know, so you and your vehicle will be ready for anything.

How long can diesel be stored before it goes bad? You can store regular diesel for six months to a year. After that, the fuel typically degrades, and it can damage your engine. Fortunately, you can help extend the life of your diesel fuel to the maximum with the following smart tips and tricks. 

Proper Diesel Fuel Storage

Like all flammable fuels, how long you can store diesel safely before it goes bad depends on you. Improper storage could cause your fuel to spoil or leak. Fumes and fires are pretty severe side effects, so you need to be cautious. That said, it’s not hard to figure out where to put diesel.

The three main things that affect standard diesel storage are temperature, tanks, and exposure to elements such as water and oxygen. Different conditions can cause your diesel to spoil faster. Naturally, to get the most out of your fuel, and avoid danger, you should follow safety guidelines for storage.

Opt for a high-quality diesel storage container like the Arksen 35 Gallon Portable Gas Caddy from Amazon. The ability to roll your fuel wherever you need it is a significant bonus. Plus, you can use this caddy to transport fuel from a larger tank as required. Pick up your Arksen by clicking here. 

Temperature

Diesel should be kept around seventy degrees for optimum storage. It is okay up to eighty-five, and down to about thirty degrees. Outside that zone, you may risk gas expansion, leaking, freezing, gelling, clouding, bacterial growth, or other serious problems.

When the temperature gets too low, you need special additives to maintain your diesel. Similarly, when it gets above eighty-five, the fuel will react with oxygen causing rapid degradation. Warm diesel will turn gummy and clog both the tank and your engine.

Tanks

Using the right kind of container for diesel storage is essential. Metal and polyethylene plastics are the most common materials. Additionally, you need the correct cap on your tanks. Never use subpar equipment.

For small amounts, you can use portable five-gallon gas cans. For a little more, an oil drum is sufficient. However, those who wish to store a fair quantity for emergency use need a larger diesel tank.

I recommend the Eagle UI-50-SY Type I Metal Safety Can from Amazon. Whether you only need five gallons, or you store a lot more, this small container will allow you to move a little gas easily. The galvanized steel is corrosion-resistant, which is vital. Check the reviews right here. 

Exposure

If you’re storing diesel above ground, then it’s essential to make sure it’s in a covered area, shielded from the worst of the sun. Underground storage is often better, but you need to check your local ordinances first.

Metals like zinc and copper can interfere with your diesel. Plus, certain additives cut down on the storage time. Moreover, any water pooling on your storage tanks can lead to fuel problems like tank rust and extra water leaking into your diesel.

Keeping both water and oxygen out of your tank helps diesel longevity. Oxygen causes gumming, but water allows fungal buildup. Both are bad news for your fuel supply. Store tanks as full as possible and make sure they have no leaks. This will give you the most extended shelf-life possible.

Summer Vs. Winter Diesel

Summer diesel or Diesel #2 is what most Americans are probably used to seeing in the lower 48. Diesel #2 is what you might call ‘regular’ diesel. This variety will burn longer and require less fuel over time.

Alternately, Diesel #1 or Winter diesel has kerosene added for cold climates. While it makes the fuel consumption higher, that component is key to starting a diesel engine in extreme cold. When the fuel gets too chilly, it begins to cloud up and forms a jello-like consistency. The kerosene prevents this, so your engine will still run.

According to some users, Diesel’s #1 stores for longer. However, I would recommend that you always adhere to safety standards. Practicing proper storage and disposal is a part of smart survival.

How to Tell When Stored Diesel Goes Bad

There are several ways to tell when your stored diesel has gone bad. Black smoke, darkening of the fluid, algae growth, and gumming all indicate problems. Essentially, anything that causes your fuel to stop doing its job is a bad sign.

You should check your stored diesel every six months to a year. Although it’s possible to store diesel for longer, testing helps avoid problems. Naturally, any diesel that doesn’t flow properly out of the tank is suspect.

Your diesel should be the same color and consistency as it was when you first placed it inside the tank. Running bad diesel in your engine can ruin your vehicle.

Use a high-quality pump like the Ruitapro 12V Electric Gasoline Fuel Transfer Pump to help keep your stored diesel flowing. Fitted with a nozzle you can padlock, the Ruitapro allows you to add a layer of security and prevent theft. To find out more on Amazon, Click Here. 

Recondition Diesel Fuel

Instead of wasting money on more fuel that you may not need, you can recondition some diesel fuel to keep it in good shape. Start by pouring a fifty-gallon drum of fuel. You’ll need to do this in batches if you have a lot stored.

Use a graduated cylinder and measure out 3.125 oz. of PRD-D or 280 oz. of ether. Then carefully add this to your fuel. If you need to work on smaller or larger batches, then measure 5.6 oz. of ether or 0.0625 oz of PRD-D per gallon of diesel.

After adding the fuel conditioner, you need to leave your diesel alone for two days. It takes time for PRD-D or ether to permeate your diesel. Similarly, you can add this at the time you store your fuel.

If necessary, make sure to filter out any water that has gotten inside your tank. Not only does it cause algae, but it changes the consistency of your fuel. This will wreck your stored diesel. Another alternative is to add a stabilizer that will extend the life of your stored diesel. Check out Sta-Bil Diesel Fuel Stabilizer. This can be had at Amazon for your convenience.

What Happens if You Use Bad Diesel Fuel

Using diesel fuel that went bad in storage causes some easily apparent signs. For example, if your engine won’t start, or hesitates, it may be dirty diesel to blame. Bad diesel can clog your filters and injectors.

Naturally, that causes all sorts of issues with your engine. Reduced mileage is another sure sign of bad diesel. Plus, you can look out for idling. Moreover, when you go to accelerate, and your vehicle hesitates, that may mean your diesel is bad.

By checking your diesel regularly, you can help avoid problems. Additionally, by using the additives prescribed for reconditioning, can help save on fuel waste. There’s no reason to lose your stores if you exercise caution.

Part of any good emergency preparedness plan is testing and inventorying your supplies. Hence, you should keep track of your diesel use so you can replenish it as needed helps a great deal. Plus, a bi-annual test to assure yourself that the fuel is in excellent condition can save you a lot of trouble and money.

Cleaning an Engine That Had Bad Diesel

Assuming you catch the problem before it does extensive damage, you can save your engine. You’ll need a multifunction diesel additive with detergency. However, this is not an instant fix.

Typically it takes a couple of tankfuls before you get all the lousy diesel out of your system. The good news is that it’s easy to add your multifunction diesel additive with detergency. Simply follow the directions on your package.

Disposing of Bad Diesel Fuel

Do not pour old, bad diesel down the drain. It’s vital to dispose of it properly, so pouring it on the ground, or even putting it into the garbage is not only hazardous but also highly illegal. Emergency preparedness is about sustaining life, not getting arrested, or making yourself sick.

Most cities have disposal centers for old fuel. If you don’t already know where your nearest safe dump is located, you can find it easily. Try using an online resource like Earth911.com to figure out where you need to go.

Improper diesel disposal can hurt you or others. In addition to its flammable qualities, diesel is toxic. You could end up poisoning local wildlife you need as a food source or water you might end up drinking from.

Final Thoughts

Diesel fuel will store for a long time without going off if you treat it right. Always opt for an underground storage tank if it’s legal in your area. Dirt will provide temperature control and help keep moisture out.

It’s vital to have an emergency fuel storage plan in place. Making sure you have a long-term supply in case of gas shortages, lack of delivery or any SHTF scenario is just good common sense.

So long as you remember to check your fuels, use them promptly, and store them right, you’ll make it through almost any crisis. Never slack on diesel fuel storage.

 

Someone is breaking into the house. You heard a glass window shatter, and you can hear voices, but the only gun you can reach is your BB. Is that enough to do the job? Unless you checked the specs, then it’s hard to know how hard, far, or fast your BBs are traveling. More importantly, the middle of a robbery is not the time to stop and try to figure it out. I’ll answer all your burning BB questions about self-defense, and show you the difference between a pellet gun and a BB.

Is it legal to use a BB gun for self-defense? You can use a BB gun for self-defense. However, you’d need to be an excellent shot to do more than hurt and annoy your assailant. Still, they’re handy to keep around and work wonders on animal nuisances. 

Can a BB Gun for Self Defense Kill Attackers

Using a BB gun for self-defense is the same as anything else. The question of how, when, and why you use any object for an attack is always a touchy subject. Self-defense should still (legally) be about doing the minimum amount of damage to stop your attacker. Then you escape.

However, in a TEOTWAWKI situation, there is no law enforcement. That means you have nowhere to turn once you escape. Whether you’re looking at a bear, a pack of wild dogs, or humans, you need to know the capabilities of your weapon. Furthermore, you need to know its limitations as well.

Though the laws on self-defense vary from place to place, using a BB gun is no different from any other weapon legally. However, according to airgunhouse.com, you should never use a BB gun for self-defense.

That said, use whatever you have when your life is the price of failure. You can certainly do enough damage with a BB to make most attackers think twice, and a well-placed shot could stop them cold. All projectile weapons are dangerous and capable of harm.

Killing With a BB Gun

So, can you kill with a BB gun? Yes, you can. There are at least two ways that I know of to accomplish such a feat. Although a shot to the chest is more likely to enrage your opponent than stop them, eyes are very vulnerable and near the brain. Shooting most people or animals in the eye will undoubtedly stop, and most likely kill them.

Alternatively, you can use it as a club. Despite knowing that this was not the intended purpose, it’s still useful to know. If you’re not a very good shot, then maybe don’t try to kill with a BB gun.

Realistically, anyone can swing a bat, and you could use your BB gun as a blunt weapon. Keep in mind it probably won’t work as a gun when you’re done, especially if you’re defending yourself and not holding back. This is also useful if you run out of shots.

Training With A BB Gun

Despite the evidence that a BB gun may not kill attackers, primarily, if you shoot them in the body, there is something you can do with this weapon. Use a properly weighted BB gun to practice instead of a real firearm. Sure, the accuracy and range are different, but ammunition is less expensive.

You can quickly get a feel for firearms by using this less deadly option. Unsurprisingly, many BB guns specifically look and feel like ‘real’ guns. Moreover, you must treat all weapons with equal respect.

I recommend the Umarex Glock 19 Gen3 from Amazon for practice. This BB gun shoots .177  steel BBs at up to 410 fps. That’s a lot of stopping power at close range. Plus, this model is almost exactly like a standard Glock. You can find out more by clicking here. 

Pellet Gun Vs. BB Gun for Self Defense

While you can use both BB guns and pellet guns for self-defense in a pinch, the main difference is the ammunition. Because of the shape of the bullets, a pellet gun is far more accurate. Naturally, it doesn’t matter much at point-blank range.

Choosing a good BB gun is mostly about sport shooting and practice. They are excellent for backyard targets assuming you have enough yard space. Though the small game might be at risk from a BB shot, I wouldn’t recommend hunting bears.

Although it’s challenging to get an accurate shot at a distance, from close range, a BB could be deadly. They certainly hurt. More importantly, they do damage. As non-lethal deterrents go, BBs are a reliable option.

The BB

It’s a common misconception that BB stands for Ball Bearing. Although some models could certainly shoot a ball bearing, the original BB guns did not. Instead, they were created to shoot size BB lead shotgun pellets. These were supposed to be roughly 0.180 inches or 4.57 mm. However, the shot was widely variable due to manufacturing at the time.

Around 1900 the barrels began to be standardized, with a shot to match. This uniform BB shot was marketed as “Airgun Shot.” Still, by the time that happened, BB was the common name most people used.

These days most people use steel BB shot in their BB guns. Sadly, when combined with the round shape, this material aids in making the shot less accurate. Round balls tend to bounce around. Plus, steel is less soft than lead, so it makes a better ricochet.

Pellets

The Pellet gun came about after the BB. You might call it a direct descendant. Resultantly, the pellet gun is what you might think of as an upgrade. The pellets certainly are when compared to the round BBs.

Pellets you find for these guns are usually lead or lead composite, making them softer and more malleable. That means they’re less likely to rebound, and more likely to deform on co. When pellets do ricochet, they lose most of their energy after the initial impact, making them slower.

Typically you see pellets in the ‘diablo’ style, which is variable itself. The tips may be hollow, rounded, or flat. Behind that, they taper back to a hollow waist. Beyond that, the skirt is thin lead, plastic, or aluminum so that it will deform easily on impact.

All those features combine for a bullet that doesn’t tumble like a BB. The shape is highly aerodynamic, unlike a sphere. Overall, that means you can shoot more accurately with a pellet gun. However, you should hold on to your BB gun. It’s still very useful.

Choose The Right BB Gun

Selecting your BB gun is a matter of taste. For those who prefer a Glock-style gun, the Umarex I recommended above is ideal. However, some of us like a longer body style on our weapons. It’s essential to buy a gun you’re comfortable using.

Make sure you understand how much the gun weighs before purchasing it. Smaller BBs work well for anyone with less hand and arm strength. Alternatively, some of us prefer a more classic style. Plus, the visual deter attackers.

The Daisy Adult Red Ryder BB Rifle from Amazon is a fantastic gun. Generations of people are familiar with this gun. It’s similar to the child-size version used in A Christmas Story (1983). You’ll be impressed by the smooth bore steel barrel and lever cocking spring air action. Click here for prices and availability. 

How Does a BB Gun Work

For those considering a BB gun for self-defense for the first time, there are some vital differences between this weapon and a standard firearm. The main thing that a weapon like a rifle or a handgun has, but a BB lacks is gunpowder. There’s no ignition to propel the bullets.

Instead, BB guns have two possible alternate methods of launch. Either spring or compressed air forces the BB out of the chamber. If you’re wondering what the difference between an air gun and a BB gun is, sometimes there’s none.

While a spring-loaded BB gun is not an air gun, many BB’s are because of the bullet projection method. Any pressurized air firearm isn’t really a ‘fire’ arm at all. They are all air guns, regardless of bullet style.

Even spring-style BB guns use air pressure to move the bullet. However, there are some critical differences in how the air moves that BB. I’ll explain the differences below.

CO2 Cartridges

Using a CO2 cartridge is similar to using a pump-action pneumatic shotgun. The principal is also very like the explosion of a spark on gunpowder. Essentially a bang is a bang, no matter how you achieve it.

In the case of CO2, the compressed gas is where the explosive power comes from. Although the cartridges are small, there’s a lot of pent-up energy inside. When you pull the trigger, a precise amount of gas gets released, and the process is fast enough to propel a bullet. It’s an air explosion.

Interestingly, you could power a gun with other compressed gasses. However, carbon dioxide is safer. Using any other gas is likely to cause problems with your weapon or rounds, and that danger isn’t worth the risk of losing a finger or worse. Resultantly, you’ll only find air guns designed to work with CO2.

Springs

Most people probably think that a spring BB gun uses that spring to push the BB forward directly. However, the reality is a little bit more complicated. Inside the barrel, a spring, piston, and sear work together to launch the bullets forward.

The piston is closest to your BBs. This part pushes backward on your spring. As the spring compresses, it stores unreleased energy. As the piston slides further, and the spring compresses completely, that gives your BB gun power to release.

The sear is what holds your piston in place.  A sear is merely a spring-driven latch that swivels into place. Resultantly, it keeps the piston in place when it reaches the end of its backward push on the spring. Hence, the energy is stored and held ready to ‘explode’ outward.

When you pull the trigger, the sear releases. Once the pressure is off the piston, the spring moves it forward, thus expelling the bullet. Then the piston creates a pocket of air behind the BB that launches your shot out of the gun at high velocity.

How Far Can a BB Gun Shoot for Self Defense

When you’re using your BB gun for self-defense, the question isn’t merely how far it can shoot. What you need to know is how far it’s effective. All projectiles from thrown rocks to high-powered rifle shot lose power over distance.

There are numerous factors at play when it comes to the effective range of a BB. Spring or compressed air changes the power. At point-blank range, shoot for the face, and all you have to do is hit your attacker to stop them. Even if it doesn’t kill the assailant, a shot in the cheek will stop almost anything.

Shooting down an incline, you may get a more useful range. Hence you’d have a little more range going down a staircase or off a balcony. The maximum to break the skin is right around ten meters.

How Powerful is a BB Gun

As previously mentioned, the power will vary slightly. However, an excellent overall estimate for how powerful your BB gun is, falls in the five-hundred-fifty FPS (feet per second) range. That is enough to kill someone nearby.

Typically, self-defense, by definition, cannot include long-distance shooting. An attacker has to be close enough to try and hurt you actively. Otherwise, it’s considered an offensive action.

In a genuinely SHTF scenario, the government has broken down, and there’s nothing to stop you from shooting further. Regardless, it’s still just offense if you’re the one attacking. When you’re preparing for a long-term scenario, keep the BBs for the house and get a better distance weapon for other uses.

Small but Mighty

The size of your gun doesn’t necessarily determine how powerful it is. For example, the Umarex Glock has a higher fps than the Daisy, which only shoots around 350. Always check to see how powerful your shot is rather than guessing based on size.

A superb example of a mighty yet mini BB gun is the Crosman SNR357 from Amazon. This snub-nosed revolver weighs just two pounds. However, the twelve-gram CO2 cartridge can propel BBs at up to four-hundred fps and five hundred for .177 Cal pellets. Click here to read the reviews.

Smaller guns like this are easier to conceal. Moreover, they’re much simpler to handle for beginners who may lack the muscles associated with more practice.

Final Thoughts

Self-defense with a BB gun might be a little more complicated, but there’s no reason to waste a perfectly good weapon if you have one. Although I wouldn’t recommend that you try and become a sniper with this style, they’re still useful. In close quarters, like when you’re at home, you don’t need accuracy.

For more tips on how to defend yourself, check out this useful video. Now that you know the weapons’ limitations, you can use it effectively. Plus, when you run out of shots, it’ll make a great club.

Never hesitate to use what you have to save yourself or your family. The world is a dangerous place, but you can learn to keep yourself safer with a BB gun.

Your bug-out plans probably don’t include a portable shower, and they should, but that’s an issue for another time. Carrying baby wipes seems like a sensible solution. After all, if it cleans your babies’ backside, then it must be a great way to clean stinky pits too. Then again, maybe not. How much do you really know beyond what the commercials tell you? Is there enough cleaning power to handle adult B.O.? I’ll let you know the dirty secret about baby wipes and everything else you need to stay clean.

Do baby wipes clean your body? Baby wipes do clean your body. However, you need to have the right kind, or you’re just scrubbing yourself with a moist chemical film. Luckily there’s more than one type of wipes for an emergency.

How to Clean Your Body With Baby Wipes

Cleaning your body with baby wipes is a poor substitute for a shower. Still, it’s far superior to staying filthy. It might seem like grabbing a wipe and rubbing your skin is pretty intuitive, but there’s a right way to clean your body with wipes.

Whether you’re using disposable wipes or rinsing out a reusable option, the process is the same. Start at the top. First, you should wipe down your face, ears, and neck. Before you move on, stop.

Now you need to dispose of the wipe or rinse it again. Unfortunately, continuing to scrub with a dirty wipe will redistribute dirt. Even when you can’t see any dirt or germs, it’s vital to use a fresh baby wipe for every foot or two of your skin.

Here’s a simple breakdown. Shoulders and the top of your back is one wipe. Each armpit, along with the upper arm, is another. I recommend wiping your arm off before the ‘pit. Next, lower arms and hands each need a wipe, followed by your back and torso.

Continue this process for upper legs, groin, backside, lower legs, and then do the feet separately. Taking time to do the job right will help you get as clean as possible.

Good Disposable Wipes

Instead of grabbing the dollar-store knock-off-brand, you need decent baby wipes. Whether you also use them for a small child or not, the chemicals included in many brands are just bad news for the skin. There’s no point in removing dirt if you’re just trading it for a toxic film on your body.

I strongly suggest The Honest Company’s Hypoallergenic Baby Wipes from Amazon. Skip the potential trouble from unknown ‘cheapie’ brands and stick to a company that prides itself on the purity of the ingredients. You’ll be pleased with these dermatologist-tested wipes. Plus, they’re not processed with chlorine, which is hard to find. Click here to learn more about Honest Wipes. 

Does It Matter

Why wipe from top to bottom? As long as the baby wipes get you clean, surely it can’t be such a big deal, right? Regrettably, it does matter.

Working from the top down is like swapping out, or rinsing your wipes. It matters because it helps prevent the spread of germs and bacteria. Unfortunately, when you scrub sections above areas you’ve already cleaned, dirt, skin flakes, and other contaminants fall downward. You end up less clean.

Instead of carrying disposable wipes, you should try grabbing a pack of Charlie Banana Reusable Double-Sided Wipes from Amazon. Less waste is always sound, but equally important is not leaving a trail. Just as you wouldn’t leave a marked map to your home base in a crisis, you should avoid leaving a visible trail of trash. You can clean your body and keep your supply route clear in one swipe. Click here to check availability on Amazon.

Worrisome Baby Wipe Ingredients

When you need to clean your body and all you have is baby wipes, you’re probably better off clean than dirty. However, nothing beats old-fashioned soap and water. Add an exfoliating scrubber, and you’re really in business.

You will not get as clean using wipes, but you will still be more sanitary than you were for the effort. However, not all baby wipes are the same. Especially when dealing with the pre-moistened wipes, there’s something vital you need to know.

Just because a product is approved doesn’t mean it’s good. Think of the difference between cheap hot dogs and sirloin steak. Both are acceptable, but one is clearly much better. You don’t want to get a rash or worse from trying to clean yourself.

What to Watch Out For

Reading the labels used to be something that so-called ‘crunchy moms’ got laughed at for. Fortunately, information has become more widely available. People have started realizing that ‘approved’ and ‘good for your body,’ are far from the same thing. Here is a quick list of some of the biggest culprits that could cause problems worse than dirt.

1. Essential Oils- Generally, essential oils are a ‘good thing.’ However, some irritate your skin, and others can even cause chemical burns if left undiluted.
2. Formaldehyde & Formaldehyde Releasing Agents- As a preservative, formaldehyde is excellent. Sadly, on living skin, it causes allergic reactions, irritation, and potentially cancer.
3. Fragrance- This is not a single ingredient. “Fragrance,” or “Parfum,” is a hodgepodge of mystery ingredients you don’t want on your skin.
4. Methylisothiazolinone- This is a long word that you can translate as ‘danger.’ Methylisothiazolinone is linked with lung toxicity, irritation, and possible neurotoxicity. In short, don’t put it on your skin.
5. Parabens- cancer, hormonal disruption, infertility, and skin irritation are just part of the list of reasons to avoid anything ending in ‘paraben.’
6. Petroleum-Based Products- Propylene Glycol isn’t the only culprit here, but it is among the most common. Skip the refined oil on your skin as it can have adverse health effects
7. Phenoxyethanol- Although it’s considered safer than parabens, this alternative preservative is terrible news. In children, it can irritate skin and affect their nervous system function. Watch out for this ingredient in ‘natural’ and ‘gentile’ wipes.
8. Polysorbate 20- Frequently associated with rashes and skin irritation, Polysorbate 20 is commonly treated with ethylene oxide.
9. Sodium Benzoate- Three words are all I need for this: Organ system toxicity. Plus, when combined with citric acid, sodium benzoate can become carcinogenic.

Consider Dry Baby Wipes

Instead of bringing heavy wet wipes, you may want to consider carrying soap and dry wipes. Depending on your bug-in or bug-out location, these lighter wipes are a great alternative. When water access isn’t the issue, less weight is always a wise choice.

Check out Dainasong Baby Dry Wipes. You can bring a lot more with you. Hence, trading water weight for a little soap and some water purifiers you need anyway is smart. You’ll appreciate these larger wipes in a disaster situation. Chemical-free cotton is less irritating on the skin. Get your Dainasong Wipes from Amazon, click here. 

Clean These Three Areas Most With Your Baby Wipes

Human bodies have plenty of natural bacteria, so cleaning them with baby wipes can help you keep things from getting out of control. Three main areas need more attention than all the others. Not only should you scrub these parts more, but also let them dry thoroughly.

Armpits

Sweat is healthy, and it may surprise you to learn that it has no smell. While most people are under the mistaken impression that sweat makes you stink, the real villain is something else entirely. Staphylococci and corynebacteria are the most commonly found bacteria in your armpits.

Interestingly the staphylococci don’t cause any significant odor as they chow down on the protein in your sweat. However, the corynebacteria are raising a stink. Either way, the worse you smell, the more bacteria in your ‘pits.

Groin: Front & Rear

There’s much more than bacteria going on here. Don’t mistake my meaning. There is plenty of bacteria in your pelvic region. More importantly, there’s also sweat, urine, poop, and more. Keeping your genital area clean and free from odor is vital to your health.

Feet

Taking care of your feet with baby wipes or soap and water is more important than you could imagine. You need to keep down bacteria and prevent damage or infection. Without your feet, you won’t be able to move around.

Make sure you let them dry thoroughly and carry extra clean socks. From fungus to foot rot, it’s a lot harder to survive if the ‘Nike express’ is broken down.

Final Thoughts

In an emergency, any cleaning is better than none. Unfortunately, you may not always have running water, or even cold rain available. Knowing how to stay sanitary, or at least less gross is essential. You are more likely to die from infections than starvation. Clean skin is a great way to help prevent those germs from getting into every little scratch.

Do you want to upgrade your emergency baby wipe game? Follow the tips in this video to make your own version of the extra-large body bathing wipe. I recommend using castile soap for your liquid.

Whether you make your own or buy convenient prepackaged wipes, make sure you read the label. No one wants to take a bath in chemicals that cause rashes, cancer, or lung toxicity.

In a flash, the world goes dark. It’s an EMP strike. Can you use electronics that had no power, or are they fried too? You don’t want to be without essential capabilities like cooking, refrigeration, and phones. How likely is that scenario? EMP’s or electromagnetic pulses are a game-changer when it comes to your survival. Unless you have a whole, off-grid, no-tech set up waiting for you, then you probably have some vulnerable devices. Unfortunately, several nations are developing EMP weapons, so this could get real very quickly. I’ll walk you through what it means for your electronics.

Will an EMP effect electronics that are turned off? EMPs will affect electronics that are turned off. Unfortunately, it’s not the power that the pulse disrupts, but the wiring. The good news is that there’s a way for you to protect your home and electrical devices. 

 

EMPs Effect Electronics Without Power: Here’s Why

I would love to tell you that the power switch can save your electronics from an EMP, but it’s not true. The reality is that even a device with no power might fry. Regrettably, that means pulling the battery or plug won’t work either.

Although there are different types of EMP, they have the same effect. The cause of the damage is electricity. Unfortunately, the pulse doesn’t need outside power because it provides it’s own. Like a power surge, but fast enough to overload any surge protector, this wave of power fries conductive wires leaving you in the dark.

The good news is that some devices and machines are not vulnerable to this attack. For example, older cars and battery-operated devices with little to no wiring would likely have no problem. Similarly, solar panels don’t have wires. However, to connect a solar panel and use it, you do need wiring. Vintage electronics are also likely to survive. The use of cables to conduct electrical impulses is the issue.

Power & Speed

Because an EMP creates a widespread pulse of electricity, it activates and overpowers your wires. According to Business Insider, “The intensity of a nuclear detonation’s EMP is about 30,000 to 50,000 volts per meter.”

The speed of the pulse means standard surge protectors are useless. They can stop a lightning strike from traveling up your cords, but an EMP is hundreds or thousands of times quicker. Fortunately, you don’t need to let worries over a pulse keep you up at night.

Instead of getting sleepless, get smart. As you prepare your emergency gear, use Faraday cages for small EDC items. Additionally, you can prep a whole house with help from EMPShield.com. They have a system that can save your Bug-in location or your remote bug-out cabin in the woods.

Predicting EMPs

Even if you could simply turn off devices to prevent EMP damage, which you can’t, you’d still need a warning in advance. Unfortunately, there’s no way to predict when an EMP will hit. Solar events can cause naturally occurring EMP events. However, we have no way to detect them in time to send a warning.

Manmade EMPs are a different story. As weapons, they’re highly effective because they can cut off communications and other powered systems. Although we still can’t detect them in time to send a warning, we know one useful fact.

Countries are building them for offensive attacks. According to Forbes, China, North Korea, Iran, and Russia are all working on EMP weapons. While we can’t predict when an EMP will threaten us, we do know that it seems almost inevitable.

 

Negate EMP Effects Without Turning Off Devices

When it comes to blocking out EMPs, the great news is that it’s not that difficult. For those who loved science in school, you’re probably already familiar with Faraday Cages. If not, no worries, I’ll explain how they work and what you can do to protect your EDC, and more.

The short version is that a Faraday Cage shields the contents from electrical interference, like EMPs. However, that doesn’t tell you very much. A Faraday Cage can look like a chain-link fence, a fine mesh, or even a solid container. Yet regardless of the appearance, they all do the same job.

By absorbing and redistributing the electricity around the cage, nothing gets inside. So long as the container goes all the way around your vulnerable electronics and cords, the contents are safe. Basically, it creates a hollow conductor.

Using Faraday Bags for EDC

Preparedness is more useful when you plan for generic disasters, rather than trying to be ready for one specific problem. While EMP’s are a unique situation, shielding your devices from outside signals is a part of inclusive planning.

For example, it’s impossible to track or even call a phone inside a Faraday bag or cage. Although that means you can’t call out, it also means no one can track your GPS. Pack your electronics inside a protective mesh bag or metal container.

Regardless of whether you’re stocking a generator for your BOL, packing up some useful power tools in your BOV or Bug-In preps, or simply repacking your EDC for your belt, this is your best move. Those who sew can use a fine copper mesh to make a simple closable bag for their equipment.

Test Your EMP Protection

All the planning in the world won’t help if you don’t test and maintain your preparedness supplies. Fortunately, checking a Faraday bag is easier than you think. You need two charged cell phones and a ready bag or cage.

First, place one turned-on phone inside your protection. Next, seal it up tightly. Make sure there are no significant gaps. Finally, use the second phone to call the first. If your phone rings, then your Faraday bag doesn’t work.

Try adding a layer of aluminum foil, or a second layer of copper cloth. If that Fails, try purchasing a metal garbage can with a lid and put your Faraday bag inside. Repeat your test and add layers until nothing happens.

Where Do EMPs Originate

In addition to solar activity, there are plenty of sources of electromagnetic pulses. A lightning strike causes a small, localized LEMP (Lightning EMP). Fortunately, these pulses are slower than other types. Hence your surge protector can handle the problem.

Nuclear explosions cause massive, fast-moving NEMPs (Nuclear EMPs). Beyond direct strike damage to the surrounding areas, there’s another worry with nukes. I’m not referring to the fallout, which is a whole different issue, but rather what happens when they’re detonated in the atmosphere above an area.

Such a strike would cause a massive problem for Americas’ electrical grid. Naturally, we are not alone in having this vulnerability. Regardless, the point is that setting off a nuclear blast above a country instead of on the ground is smart warfare.

Rather than destroying buildings and people, an attacker could ruin the lines of communication and much of our technology. Moreover, several nations are also working on HEMP (High-Altitude EMP) and ground-based devices that are non-nuclear.

NASA Studies EMP Effects

With all the conflicting data out there, it’s hard to know who to trust. One thing is obvious; EMPs are a serious threat. Resultantly, in my search for more information, I discovered that NASA studies the effects of EMPs.

Future humans who plan to colonize other worlds may have to shield their equipment from EMP strikes. Both lightning and solar events could cause serious survival issues for humans on other planets as well as this one. Though we can hope that warfare and nuclear devices won’t be an immediate concern for new colonists, there’s no way to tell.

Nevertheless, they’ve learned some intriguing things about how shielding works. For example, a protective barrier that has a power cord running from inside to outside is a significant weakness in the system, increasing the likeliness of the EMP penetrating inside. Luckily it’s not insurmountable.

When in doubt, ask a professional for help in shielding. I recommend contacting EMPShield.com when you’re ready to get serious about protecting your emergency preparedness location and all the equipment you store inside. They can help you make sure that your home and BOL are ready for anything.

 

EMP Myths About Turned Off Devices & More

There are a handful of dangerous EMP myths, like the idea that turning off your devices will help. Unfortunately, these widespread beliefs can hurt your emergency preparedness plans. Here are four of the most important myths and their truth.

1. “EMP’s don’t affect devices that are powered off.” In reality, anything with sufficient wiring acts as an antenna and conducts the pulse.
2. “EMP’s affect human bodies.” With very few possible exceptions, like people with heart monitors, there’s no reason to believe this. Even those with heart monitors and devices implanted are at low risk.
3. “Stay away from metal.” This is ridiculous. Although you don’t want to be holding a lightning rod in a storm, more significant EMP events would be unlikely to harm you.
4. “All cars and watches would stop.” Any device with enough wire inside to act as an antenna would likely fry. However, not all cars and very few watches fall into this category.

Be Realistic About EMPs

Panicking never helps to protect you or your loved ones. Like all emergency preparedness, getting ready for EMP events requires systematic planning. It’s okay to start small. Get a Faraday Bag for your cell phone. Then add bigger containers for backup generators, wires, and other extra equipment.

Alternatively, you can always choose to protect the big things first. Secure your bug-in and bug-out locations so you can simply store everything you need inside. Or you can start on a vehicle. However, don’t try to DIY such a big job. The Department of Homeland Security lists EMPShield.com as part of the 2019 Resilience Report.

Just as it’s vital to read reviews on products you order online, you should go with a trusted, high-quality, professional service for large EMP protection needs. Unless you’re an expert at Faraday Cages, it’s not worth risking your safety.

Keep your car and home running when others are left in the dark by making smart choices. Just remember to breathe and follow the plan. Execute the steps you set out to protect yourself without hesitation or undue urgency.

 

Final Thoughts

Like a pandemic affects your body, EMPs are terrifying because they can affect most devices even when they’re turned off. Letting yourself fall prey to myths or wrong thinking could be deadly when SHTF. Stay safe and protect the electrical tools you use.

Learn more about protecting your home from EMPs in this video. There’s tons of valuable information available to help you shield the things that matter most. You can keep a few backup items, or a whole building safe.

While most people aren’t at risk from an EMP, virtually everything that makes modern life possible is in danger. Don’t get caught out with no survival plan.

 

There’s an emergency, and the gun shops sell out first, so what can you do? An air rifle is a powerful option. Although they aren’t as high-powered as a standard rifle, your air rifle is still more than up to the task of defending you and your family. I’ll walk you through the standard FPS ratings. Moreover, I’ll teach you everything you need to know to choose an outstanding air rifle. It’s not as daunting as it seems. You’ll be firing off those test rounds in no time, and soon you’ll be a good enough shot to feel confident in your weapon. As long as you keep at it, your practice will pay off inaccuracy so you’ll be able to add that air rifle to your list of useful preparations.

How powerful is an air rifle? An unmodified air rifle can shoot over a thousand FPS (feet per second). However, it pays to read the specs because many commercial air rifles have cut the velocity to five hundred FPS. Either way, it’s enough to do severe damage or even kill an attacker. 

Are Air Rifles As Powerful as a Standard Gun

The power of an air rifle might surprise you. When it comes to FPS, you may be surprised by what some ‘regular,’ non-air gun options are firing. For example, a classic nine-millimeter round is expelled at around 1100-1200 FPS.

Realistically, that’s about the same as some air rifles. Moreover, some models can fire even faster speed isn’t everything. A good .22 has more stopping power and less speed, but you trade-off for greater difficulty.

The well-known .45 ACP round in a standard gun moves slower than many air rifles. At an average velocity of 850-900 FPS, depending on the type of ammo, that isn’t a high velocity for any firearm. So yes, an air rifle can be more powerful than a standard gun. However, that’s only counting the firing speed of the bullets.

Stopping Power

Stopping power is different from how much kick a gun can throw behind your bullet. A hollow-point round flattens into a star-like pattern on impact, causing massive damage inside the body. The style is made to stop an attacker.

When the tip of a hollow point bullet flattens, it does maximum damage. The intention is to create an enormous hole and keep the round in the body. Resultantly, the hollow point is the king of stopping power in the bullet world.

Similarly, the lowly .22 is known for its tendency to ricochet around within a person. As you’d expect, that will also cause a massive amount of damage and bleeding. Unfortunately, a standard gun and an air rifle shooting BBs or pellets are different tools.

Shooting an attacker who, presumably, has plenty of adrenaline running through their body may not stop them. Or, more accurately, a body shot probably won’t stop a sufficiently determined enemy. Alternately, a headshot, especially in the eye, could kill almost anything.

Picking Your .22 Air Rifle

More experienced hunters who prefer the stopping power of a .22 have a wealth of options. Digging through pages of choices is a waste of time unless you know what to look for. A trusted bend, known for high-quality craftsmanship, is essential.

Additionally, you need to make sure to check the reviews. Find a model you’re comfortable carrying. Plus, optional features like rails for adding components and loops for a strap are always top of the list.

The real wood of a Lastworld New Air Pellet Rifle Gun B3 is a solid choice. If you’re planning to hunt small game, this is an ideal weapon. Open sights and smooth lines show the value of this model right out of the package. The only plastic part is the grip on the brake handle, so you’ll feel the weight of this air rifle. To learn more on Amazon, click here.

Is an Air Rifle Powerful Enough to Kill

In a word, yes, an air rifle has enough power to kill both humans and animals. However, that doesn’t mean it will end life with every shot. No gun can guarantee that level of impact.

Perhaps it’s a very positive thing that guns are only as ‘good’ as the people wielding them. Unfortunately, that means you need practice. Unless you are a very lucky shooter, or you have the attacker at point-blank range, you need skill.

You need to take the time to acclimate to your weapon. Even after that, regular practice is vital. Muscle memory is imperfect at best, so you can’t slack on your skill upkeep. Unfortunately, you need to treat the skill like the gun itself. Pull it out regularly, make sure it’s in working order, and test fire.

Enough Power to Kill a Rabbit

Shooting a creature, or an attacker through the eye is rare. More importantly, the kill zone and thickness of a creature’s hide matter. Whether you intend to hunt or defend yourself, the facts remain the same.

To kill an average rabbit cleanly, you’re looking for at least a thousand FPS. Naturally, a more substantial shot makes for a slower speed. Likewise, the lighter the bullet, the more muzzle velocity you need.

One commenter on Stack Exchange notes that a .177 caliber air rifle can kill a rabbit with as little as six hundred FPS. Personal experience is a great teacher. I recommend hunting before you need it to survive to learn the limitations of your weapons.

A sleek, simple Winchester 1100S Air Rifle will give you the power you need for hunting small games. Plus, the high-quality shock and fog-proof scope will surprise you. At speeds up to eleven-hundred FPS, you’ll have enough range and power to warn off an intruder or make a shot from substantial range. Check Amazon prices and availability here. 

Small Things Matter Where Power is Concerned

In addition to the weight of your shot and the speed it comes out of the muzzle, there are a couple of other important factors to consider. First, your distance and accuracy make a considerable impact. Secondly, the style of bullets can change everything.

If you’re practicing on a range, then the bullet style is less of an issue. Typically, you’re working on aim rather than anything else. However, for hunting, a sharper tip on your bullet might allow you to make cleaner kills. Aim for small prey like grouse, rabbits, and similar creatures.

To work out your maximum effective distance, the model, weight, muzzle speed, and accuracy all matter. Generally, assume that thirty to fifty meters is your maximum range. However, you’ll get a little more if you happen to be shooting downhill with no headwind.

Difference Between a .22 and .177 Air Rifle

Where air rifles are concerned, power is important, but choosing the right weapon for the job matters more. The differences between a .22 and a .177 are vital. Bigger doesn’t mean better, especially if you’re hunting a very small game.

Pest control may not be the first thing you think about when planning for an emergency, but it does need to be on the list. Sadly, when you have an off-grid or near off-grid BOL, getting someone to spray for pests isn’t always practical. Additionally, the more people you allow into your home, the more know where it is and what you have lying around. That’s a problem.

Shooting rats or squirrels yourself is more practical. Yet the ballistic curve of a .22 might not be the right choice. Furthermore, you don’t need that level of stopping power for smaller pests. In general, you can stick to the lighter, and much easier to load .177s for most things.

How Far Does a .22 Air Rifle Shoot

Although it has more power, the .22 also has the shortest range of the options available. You’ll get a good forty-five to fifty meters of range. Still, adjusting for the curve at varying distances requires the most skill.

For those with experience using firearms, a twenty-two can be a nice challenge. However, you may want to choose the .177 instead if you’re a beginner. The lighter shot will travel four hundred meters. Better yet, some models will go further.

Warning shots for intruders are better at a distance. Don’t let them get close enough to become a serious problem. Likewise, those who are newer at shooting should go with this easy to load choice. Moreover, a lighter bullet and gun are best for smaller adults and older children.

Opt for a high-quality model like the Crosman M4-177 pneumatic pump air rifle from Amazon as your distance weapon of choice. You’ll be pleased with the accessory rails which allow you to mount a scope or flashlight easily. Click here to read the reviews for yourself. Crosman is a well-known brand that uses high-quality components.  

 

Final Thoughts

An air rifle is powerful enough for self-defense. However, there are other, more effective options. That said, air rifles are much easier to get your hands on in tough times. When people are lined up outside the local gun shop, order an air rifle online instead.

Typical air rifles may only kill with a headshot, but you can get more powerful options. The Airforce Texan is arguably the most powerful air rifle on earth right now. As you can see in this video, it will crack a cinderblock.

Whatever air rifle you choose, you still need to practice to hone and maintain your skill. Always treat your weapon with respect instead of like a ‘toy’ when firing.